When & how much melatonin should I take?

For best results, melatonin should be taken within one hour of your bedtime. The average effective dose for most people, and a great starting point if you’re new to it, is 3 milligrams. But, of course, everyone is different. Typically after trying melatonin for the first time, with 3 milligrams or otherwise, one of three things will happen:

• You have an incredible sleep and wake up feeling rejuvenated and well-rested.
• Nothing. You still couldn't sleep. It didn't work.
• You do get some sleep, but wake up feeling groggy. Not ideal.

If 3 mg makes you groggy the following day, try halving the dose to 1.5 mg the next night and halving it again the night after if necessary.

If 3 mg doesn’t do anything, double it to 6 the next night. If 6 mg still doesn’t make an appreciable difference in your sleep quality, triple it to 18-20 mg the next night.

Sublingual tablets that dissolve under the tongue are among the most commonly available melatonin supplements and can be easily snapped in half or quartered to change the amount.

Liquid melatonin can make it even easier by offering fractions of a milligram of melatonin in each drop, so you can really fine-tune your dose. But quite honestly, it doesn’t often come to that. For many people, experiencing the benefits of melatonin and finding an effective dose happens the first or second night.

Is melatonin safe?

Absolutely! Melatonin has an excellent safety profile and has been studied in doses as high as 2,000 mg. You likely won’t even need 20 mg. Down in that more reasonable dosage realm, melatonin also appears safe for adults to use nightly on a long-term basis.

Who shouldn't take melatonin?

Pregnant women, developing children, and youth should be cautious when considering melatonin to address their sleep issues and consult a physician before using it. Melatonin is a hormone, and supplementing it may impact the body’s natural development during puberty or pregnancy.

Since melatonin boosts certain parts of immune function, those with autoimmune conditions should also exercise caution in supplementing it. Melatonin can interact with alcohol and some medications, so be sure to consult a pharmacist if you are unsure about combining melatonin with any meds you may already be taking

If I start using melatonin, will I become dependent on it?

This has been well-studied over the years, and the answer is "No." Supplementing melatonin does not cause dependence or stop the body from producing its own, even if used regularly. It may even help to rebalance your natural circadian rhythms so that continued supplementation of melatonin isn’t even necessary.

Are there other side effects?

Some people report vivid dreams, nightmares, or a combination of the two from using melatonin. Of all the decades of research and thousands of studies on melatonin, it is still unclear exactly why this might be. In some cases, people may find that it makes them wired instead of sleepy, and in very rare cases, supplementing melatonin may cause nausea or headache the next day.

Sometimes, these more infrequent side effects can be remedied by dropping the dose, but it is true that some of us, for whatever reason, might respond more to other effective sleep aids. Natural remedies like valerian, passionflower, lemon balm, skullcap, lavender, ashwagandha and chamomile may be helpful alternatives if melatonin isn’t a good fit for you.

How long does melatonin stay in the body?

The half-life of melatonin is under two hours, but larger doses might not be fully cleared from the body until six to ten hours after taking it. We want it fully metabolized by morning so that we don’t wake up in a mental fog, so again, while melatonin is very safe, it is wise to take only as much as you need.

Can I use melatonin to prevent jet-lag when travelling?

Yes! Melatonin does indeed seem to help people adjust to different time zones. It is recommended to take 0.5 to 5 mg around your general bedtime (typically between 10 p.m. and midnight) in the destination time zone. Used in this way just before you get where you’re going, it can help your body adapt to its new internal clock time.

What are the different forms of melatonin?

The two main types of supplements are regular immediate-release melatonin and timed-release capsules. In the case of the former, melatonin may be taken in the form of gummies, sublingual tablets that dissolve under the tongue, capsules, tablets, or liquids.

Functionally, the sublingual tablets and liquids will take effect a bit more immediately, but they are ultimately all very similar in use and impact. Across brands and types, the dose of melatonin is the most critical factor.

Since even the good ones are relatively affordable, recommend choosing a third-party tested brand to ensure the dose matches the label accurately and consistently. It’s also a good idea to keep an eye on the non-medicinal ingredients, as some contain lactose and other ingredients you may be avoiding.

If someone’s issue is not necessarily getting to sleep but staying asleep, sustained release melatonin may be a helpful tool that does operate differently from the rest. You may want to take time-release capsules a little earlier, either with dinner or two hours before bed.

Can I get melatonin from food?

Yes! Plants, animals, and fungi make and use melatonin just like humans. Some foods we eat are extra-rich in this wonderful night-time hormone. Wherever possible, choosing food over supplements is always a good idea.

Fantastic food sources include:

• Fruits: tart cherries, strawberries, and grapes
• Grains: non-glutinous black rice, corn, and oats
• Animal foods: eggs and fish
• Plant foods: tomatoes, peppers, mushrooms and pistachios

Any of these foods alone or in combination, eaten with or after dinner, might make the difference between tossing and turning for hours and dropping into deep rest soon after your head hits the pillow.